Bourbaki

Remark 2

Tag 061V, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 061V].

Algebra, chapter III, § 5. Tensor algebra. Tensors

Let (eλ)λ∈L(e_\lambda)_{\lambda \in L}, (eˉλ)λ∈L(\bar{e}_\lambda)_{\lambda \in L} be two bases of M and P the matrix of passage from (eλ)(e_\lambda) to (eˉλ)(\bar{e}_\lambda). On account of what was seen in Example 1, the element of P appearing in the row of index λ\lambda and the column of index μ\mu is denoted by αμλ\alpha_\mu^\lambda and the element of the contragredient tP−1{}^tP^{-1} appearing in the row of index λ\lambda and the column of index μ\mu is denoted by βλμ\beta_\lambda^\mu. Then (in the notation introduced above)

{eˉμ=∑λαμλeλeˉμ=∑λβλμeλ \begin{cases} \bar{e}_\mu = \sum_\lambda \alpha_\mu^\lambda e_\lambda \\ \bar{e}^\mu = \sum_\lambda \beta_\lambda^\mu e_\lambda \end{cases}
eˉf′g′=∑(f′,g)(∏i∈Iαf′(i)f(i))(∏j∈Jβg(j)g′(j))efg \bar{e}_{f'}^{g'} = \sum_{(f', g)} \left( \prod_{i \in I} \alpha_{f'(i)}^{f(i)} \right) \left( \prod_{j \in J} \beta_{g(j)}^{g'(j)} \right) e_f^g
for all mappings f′:I→Lf': I \to L and g′:J→Lg': J \to L. The coordinates ζgf\zeta_g^f of a tensor z∈TJI(M)z \in T_J^I(M) with respect to the basis (eλ)(e_\lambda) can therefore be expressed in terms of the coordinates ζˉg′f′\bar{\zeta}_{g'}^{f'} of z with respect to the basis (eˉλ)(\bar{e}_\lambda) using the formulae
ζgf=∑(f′,g′)(∏i∈Iαg′(i)g(i))(∏j∈Jβf′(j)f(j))ζˉg′f′ \zeta_g^f = \sum_{(f', g')} \left( \prod_{i \in I} \alpha_{g'(i)}^{g(i)} \right) \left( \prod_{j \in J} \beta_{f'(j)}^{f(j)} \right) \bar{\zeta}_{g'}^{f'}
The matrix P−1P^{-1} of passage from the basis (eˉλ)(\bar{e}_\lambda) to the basis (eλ)(e_\lambda) is the transpose of tP−1{}^tP^{-1}, so that βλμ\beta_\lambda^\mu is the element which appears in the column of index λ\lambda and the row of index μ\mu of P−1P^{-1}. The calculation of efge_f^g in terms of the eˉf′g′\bar{e}_{f'}^{g'} and that of the ζˉg′f′\bar{\zeta}_{g'}^{f'} in terms of the ζgf\zeta_g^f are therefore made by replacing αμλ\alpha_\mu^\lambda by βλμ\beta_\lambda^\mu and βλμ\beta_\lambda^\mu by αμλ\alpha_\mu^\lambda in the above calculations and exchanging the roles of ff and f′f' and those of gg and g′g'. Then
efg=∑(f′,g′)(∏j∈Jαg′(j)g(j))(∏i∈Iβf′(i)f(i))eˉf′g′ e_f^g = \sum_{(f', g')} \left( \prod_{j \in J} \alpha_{g'(j)}^{g(j)} \right) \left( \prod_{i \in I} \beta_{f'(i)}^{f(i)} \right) \bar{e}_{f'}^{g'}

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ζˉg′f′=∑(f,g)(∏j∈Jαg′(j)g(j))(∏i∈Iβf(i)f′(i))ζgf. \bar{\zeta}_{g'}^{f'} = \sum_{(f,g)} \left( \prod_{j \in J} \alpha_{g'(j)}^{g(j)} \right) \left( \prod_{i \in I} \beta_{f(i)}^{f'(i)} \right) \zeta_g^f.

The above formulae are such that the summation is over indices which appear once as a lower index and once as an upper index. Certain authors allow themselves because of this circumstance to suppress the summation signs.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

Cited by

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Cites

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Transcribed from the printed edition, 1998, Springer. Not translated.