Bourbaki

Corollary 1

Tag 0AVI, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AVI].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems

Let α∈R+(C)\alpha \in R_+(C). Then α∈B(C)\alpha \in B(C) if and only if α\alpha is the sum of two positive roots.

If α\alpha is the sum of two positive roots, Th. 3 shows that α∈B(C)\alpha \in B(C). If α∉B(C)\alpha \notin B(C), Th. 3 shows that α=∑k=1nβk\alpha = \sum_{k=1}^n \beta_k with βk∈B(C)\beta_k \in B(C) for all kk and n≥2n \geq 2.

Permuting the βk\beta_k if necessary, we can assume that ∑k=1n−1\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} is a root (Prop. 19), and hence that α\alpha is the sum of the positive roots ∑k=1n−1βk\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \beta_k and βn\beta_n.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.