Bourbaki

Lemma 4

Tag 0AW7, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AW7].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems

For all w∈Ww \in W, the characteristic polynomial of ww has integer coefficients.

We know (no. 6, Th. 3) that {α1,…,αl}\{ \alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_l \} is a basis of the subgroup Q(R)Q(R) of VV generated by RR. Since ww leaves Q(R)Q(R) stable, its matrix with respect to {α1,…,αl}\{ \alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_l \} has integer entries; hence its characteristic polynomial has integer coefficients.

Let PP be the characteristic polynomial of cc. The above lemma shows that the coefficients of PP are integers. By Chap. V, § 6, no. 2, Cor. 2 of Prop. 3, the primitive hhth root of unity z=exp⁡(2iπh)z = \exp(\frac{2i\pi}{h}) is a simple root of PP. Every conjugate of zz over Q\mathbf{Q} is therefore also a simple root of PP. But we know (Algebra, Chap. V) that the primitive hhth roots of unity are conjugate over Q\mathbf{Q}. They are thus all simple roots of PP, which proves the proposition.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.