Lemma 4
Tag 0AW7, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AW7].
Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems
For all , the characteristic polynomial of has integer coefficients.
We know (no. 6, Th. 3) that is a basis of the subgroup of generated by . Since leaves stable, its matrix with respect to has integer entries; hence its characteristic polynomial has integer coefficients.
Let be the characteristic polynomial of . The above lemma shows that the coefficients of are integers. By Chap. V, § 6, no. 2, Cor. 2 of Prop. 3, the primitive th root of unity is a simple root of . Every conjugate of over is therefore also a simple root of . But we know (Algebra, Chap. V) that the primitive th roots of unity are conjugate over . They are thus all simple roots of , which proves the proposition.
Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.
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