Bourbaki

Lemma 5

Tag 0C95, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0C95].

General Topology, chapter IX, § 6. Polish spaces, Souslin spaces, Borel sets

Let X be a Hausdorff space and let A, A' be two disjoint Souslin subspaces of X. Then there is a Borel set B of X such that B⊃AB \supset A and B∩A′=∅B \cap A' = \emptyset.

By Proposition 13 of no. 5 there exist two sieves C, C' and continuous mappings f of L(C) onto A, f′f' of L(C') onto A', constructed by the method described in no. 5. For each n≥0n \geq 0 and each c∈Cnc \in C_n, let qn(c)q_n(c) denote the subspace of L(C) formed of all sequences (ck)k≥0(c_k)_{k \geq 0} such that cn=cc_n = c; qn(c)q_n(c) is a closed subspace of L(C). For each γ=(cn)∈L(C)\gamma = (c_n) \in L(C) the sequence of closed sets qn(cn)q_n(c_n) is decreasing and forms a filter base with γ\gamma as limit. Moreover, for each c∈Cnc \in C_n, the sets qn+1(d)q_{n+1}(d), where d runs through the set pn−1(c)p_n^{-1}(c) in Cn+1C_{n+1}, form a partition of qn(c)q_n(c). Make the analogous definitions of notation for the sieve c′c'.

We shall argue by contradiction and assume that every Borel set which contains A meets A'. In the first place, it follows from Lemma 4 and the definition of a sifting that there exist c0∈C0c_0 \in C_0 and c0′∈C0′c'_0 \in C'_0 such that every Borel set containing f(q0(c0))f(q_0(c_0)) meets f′(q0′(c0′))f'(q'_0(c'_0)). We can then define, by induction on n,

γ=(cn)∈L(C)andγ′=(cn′)∈L(C′) \gamma = (c_n) \in L(C) \quad \text{and} \quad \gamma' = (c'_n) \in L(C')

as follows: suppose that cic_i and ci′c'_i have already been defined for i<ni < n, in such a way that for each index i<ni < n every Borel set containing f(qi(ci))f(q_i(c_i)) meets f′(qi′(ci′))f'(q'_i(c'_i)); applying Lemma 4 and the definition of a sifting to the sets f(qn−1(cn−1))f(q_{n-1}(c_{n-1})) and f′(qn−1′(cn−1′))f'(q'_{n-1}(c'_{n-1})), we see that there exist cn∈Cnc_n \in C_n and cn′∈Cn′c'_n \in C'_n such that pn−1(cn)=cn−1p_{n-1}(c_n) = c_{n-1} and pn−1(cn′)=cn−1′p_{n-1}(c'_n) = c'_{n-1} and such that every Borel set containing f(qn(cn))f(q_n(c_n)) meets f′(qn′(cn′))f'(q'_n(c'_n)). Now the sequence f(qn(cn))f(q_n(c_n)) converges to a point a=f(γ)∈Aa = f(\gamma) \in A, and the sequence f′(qn′(cn′))f'(q'_n(c'_n)) converges to a point a′=f′(γ′)∈A′a' = f'(\gamma') \in A'. Since A∩A′=∅A \cap A' = \emptyset and XX is Hausdorff, there is a closed neighbourhood VV of aa which does not contain a′a', and thus for nn sufficiently large, VV contains f(qn(cn))f(q_n(c_n)) and does not meet f′(qn′(cn′))f'(q'_n(c'_n)). This is a contradiction, since VV is a Borel set.

To prove Theorem 2, let YnY_n denote the union of the sets XiX_i such that i≠ni \neq n; then YnY_n is a Souslin subspace of XX (no. 2, Proposition 8). For each index nn there exists a Borel set Bn′B'_n which contains XnX_n and does not meet YnY_n, by Lemma 5. Let BnB_n be the intersection of Bn′B'_n and ⋂i<n(X−Bi′)\bigcap_{i < n} (X - B'_i). Then the BnB_n are Borel sets, are mutually disjoint, and are such that Bn⊃XnB_n \supset X_n for each nn.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.