Bourbaki

Example

Tag 0E0U, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0E0U].

Algebra, chapter X, § 8. Dimension homologique

Let aa be an element of A which is neither invertible nor a right zero divisor. Then dpA(A/Aa)=1\mathrm{dp}_A(A/Aa)=1.

Indeed, by the exact sequence 0⟶As→φAs⟶A/Aa⟶00\longrightarrow A_s\xrightarrow{\varphi} A_s\longrightarrow A/Aa\longrightarrow0, where φ(x)=xa\varphi(x)=xa, we have dpA(A/Aa)≤1\mathrm{dp}_A(A/Aa)\leq1. If dpA(A/Aa)<1\mathrm{dp}_A(A/Aa)<1, then A/AaA/Aa is projective, and there exists an a-linear mapping ψ:As⟶As\psi:A_s\longrightarrow A_s such that ψ∘φ=Id\psi\circ\varphi=\mathrm{Id}; this implies

1=ψ(φ(1))=ψ(a)=a.ψ(1) 1=\psi(\varphi(1))=\psi(a)=a.\psi(1)

and aa is invertible.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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