Bourbaki

Exercise 53, § 1

Commutative Algebra, IX, p. 64

Let u=1+T+∑n=2∞anTnu = 1 + T + \sum_{n=2}^\infty a_n T^n be an element of Λ(Z)\Lambda(\mathbf{Z}). There exists one and only one group homomorphism λu:Z→Λ(Z)\lambda^u : \mathbf{Z} \to \Lambda(\mathbf{Z}) such that λu(1)=u\lambda^u(1) = u, and (Z,λu)(\mathbf{Z}, \lambda^u) is a pre-λ\lambda-ring. One has λu(n)=un\lambda^u(n) = u^n whatever n∈Zn \in \mathbf{Z}. In order that (Z,λu)(\mathbf{Z}, \lambda^u) be a λ\lambda-ring, it is necessary and sufficient that u=1+Tu = 1 + T, in which case one has

λm1+T(n)=(nm)=n(n−1)…(n−m+1)m! \lambda_m^{1+T}(n) = \binom{n}{m} = \frac{n(n-1) \ldots (n-m+1)}{m!}
whatever n∈Zn \in \mathbf{Z} and m∈Nm \in \mathbf{N}.

Solution

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5-6-mini. Not checked by a person. That model is a cut down version of the one the rest of this language was written by.