Bourbaki

Exercise 8, § 4

Functions of a Real Variable, V, p. 51

Bourbaki marks this one as harder than the rest.

(a) Let (zn)(z_n) be a sequence of complex numbers. Now prove that if the series of general term zn,zn2,…,znq−1,∣zn∣qz_n, z_n^2, \ldots, z_n^{q-1}, |z_n|^q are convergent, the infinite product of general factor 1+zn1 + z_n is convergent. (b) If znz_n is real and if the series of general term znz_n is convergent, the infinite product of general factor 1+zn1 + z_n is convergent if the series of general term zn2z_n^2 is convergent, and one has

∏n=1∞(1+zn)=0if∑n=1∞zn2=+∞. \prod_{n=1}^\infty (1 + z_n) = 0 \quad \text{if} \quad \sum_{n=1}^\infty z_n^2 = +\infty.
(c) For every integer pp, one sets
kp=[log⁡log⁡p],hp=∑j=1p−1kj,ωp=2πkp. k_p = [\log \log p], \quad h_p = \sum_{j=1}^{p-1} k_j, \quad \omega_p = \frac{2\pi}{k_p}.
The sequence (zn)(z_n) of complex numbers is defined as follows: for n=hp+m, 0≤m≤kp−1n = h_p + m,\ 0 \leq m \leq k_p - 1, one sets zn=emiωp/log⁡pz_n = e^{m i \omega_p}/\log p. Now prove that for every integer q>0q > 0, the series of general term znqz_n^q is convergent, but that the product of general factor 1+zn1 + z_n is not convergent.

Solution

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5-mini. Not checked by a person. That model is a cut down version of the one the rest of this language was written by.