Bourbaki

Exercise 9, § 4

Functions of a Real Variable, V, p. 51

(a) Exercise prove, using the Stirling formula, that the maximum of the function

fn(x)=∣e−2x−e−x∑k=0n(−1)kxkk!∣ f_n(x) = \left| e^{-2x} - e^{-x} \sum_{k=0}^n (-1)^k \frac{x^k}{k!} \right|
in the interval [0,+∞[[0, +\infty[, tends to 0 with 1/n1/n. (b) Deduce, by induction on the integer pp, that for every ε>0\varepsilon > 0, there exists a polynomial g(x)g(x) such that ∣e−px−e−xg(x)∣≤ε|e^{-px} - e^{-x}g(x)| \leq \varepsilon for every x≥0x \geq 0 (replace xx by px/2px/2 in aa), and use the induction hypothesis applied to e−(p−1)x/2e^{-(p-1)x/2}.

Solution

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5-6. Not checked by a person.