Bourbaki

Exercise 1, § 3

Tag 03ZP, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 03ZP].

Algebraic Topology, III, p. 334

Let X be a topological space, let σ:X×I→X\sigma : X\times \mathbf{I}\rightarrow X be a homotopy whose origin and end are equal to the identity mapping of X. Let x∈Xx\in X and let δ∈π1(X,x)\delta \in \pi_1(X, x) be the class of the loop t↦σ(x,t)t\mapsto \sigma (x, t) at xx. Prove that δ\delta belongs to the center of the group π1(X,x)\pi_1(X, x).

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5-mini. Not checked by a person. That model is a cut down version of the one the rest of this language was written by.