Bourbaki

Exercise 28, § 6

General Topology, III, p. 85

Let E,FE, F be two commutative topological groups with operators, u:E→F,v:F→Eu : E \to F, v : F \to E two continuous linear mappings. Now prove that if u∘v∘u=u,u−1(0)u \circ v \circ u = u, u^{-1}(0) and v(u(E))v(u(E)) are topological direct summands in E,u(E)E, u(E) and v−1(u−1(0))v^{-1}(u^{-1}(0)) are topological direct summands in FF, and that the restriction of uu to v(u(E))v(u(E)) is an isomorphism of v(u(E))v(u(E)) onto u(E)u(E).

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5-mini. Not checked by a person. That model is a cut down version of the one the rest of this language was written by.