Bourbaki

Corollary

Tag 008M, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 008M].

Algebra, VIII, p. 126, § 7. Simple Rings

a) The minimal left ideals of A are the ideals a(H)\mathfrak{a}(H), where H is a hyperplane in V. The maximal left ideals of A are the ideals a(L)\mathfrak{a}(L), where L is a line in V.

b) The minimal right ideals of A are the ideals b(L)\mathfrak{b}(L), where L is a line in V. The maximal right ideals of A are the ideals b(H)\mathfrak{b}(H), where H is a hyperplane in V.

Let (Li)i∈I(L_i)_{i\in I} be a family of lines with direct sum V. Let (εi)i∈I(\varepsilon_i)_{i\in I} be the family of projectors associated with the decomposition V=⊕i∈ILiV =\oplus_{i\in I}L_i. The εi\varepsilon_i are idempotent in A, and we have εiεj=0\varepsilon_i\varepsilon_j= 0 for i≠ji\not=j and ∑i∈Iεi=1\sum_{i\in I}\varepsilon_i= 1. Denote the hyperplane ∑j≠iLj\sum_{j\not=i}L_j by HiH_i; it is the kernel of εi\varepsilon_i. We then have

a(Hi)=Aεi,b(Li)=εiA \mathfrak{a}(H_i) = A\varepsilon_i,\mathfrak{b}(L_i) =\varepsilon_iA

The A-module AsA_s is the direct sum of the family (a(Hi))i∈I(\mathfrak{a}(H_i))_{i\in I} of minimal left ideals, and AdA_d is the direct sum of the family (b(Li))i∈I(\mathfrak{b}(L_i))_{i\in I} of minimal right ideals.

Consider the specific case V=DdnV = D^n_d, and identify A with the matrix ring Mn(D)\mathbf{M}_n(D). Denote the interval [1,n][1, n] in N\mathbf{N} by I and the canonical basis of V by (vi)i∈I(v_i)_{i\in I}; set Li=viDL_i=v_iD, and denote by EijE_{ij} the matrix units (II, §10, No. 3, p. 341). We then have εi=Eii\varepsilon_i= E_{ii}. The left ideal AEii_{ii} is equal to DE1i+⋯+_{1i}+\cdots + DEni_{ni} and consists of the matrices with all columns except the ii-th equal to zero. The right ideal EiiAE_{ii}A is equal to DEi1+⋯+_{i1}+\cdots + DEin_{in} and consists of the matrices with all lines except the iith equal to zero. We also have the relation

EiiAEjj=EiiA∩AEjj=DEij E_{ii}A E_{jj}= E_{ii}A\cap A E_{jj}= D E_{ij}

for ii and jj between 1 and nn.

Bourbaki sets the proof directly after the statement, and the corpus does not separate them, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

Transcribed from the printed edition, 2023, Springer Nature. Not translated.