Bourbaki

Lemma

Tag 01PR, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 01PR].

Topologie algébrique, chapter I, § 4. Revêtements

Let E be a separated topological space. Suppose that E has a locally finite open covering (Vi)i∈I(V_i)_{i\in I} such that, for every i∈I,Vi‾i\in I,\overline{V_i} is a paracompact space. Then the space E is paracompact.

Let (Wj)j∈J(W_j)_{j\in J} be an open covering of E; we shall prove that there exists an open locally finite covering (Ak)k∈K(A_k)_{k\in K} of E which is finer than the covering (Wj)j∈J(W_j)_{j\in J}. For each i∈Ii\in I, let (Aℓ′)ℓ∈Ki(A'_{\ell})_{\ell\in K_i} be a locally finite covering of Vi‾\overline{V_i} by open sets of Vi‾\overline{V_i}, finer than the covering (Wj∩Vi‾)j∈J(W_j\cap \overline{V_i})_{j\in J}. Let K be the sum of the family (Ki)i∈I(K_i)_{i\in I} (E, II, p. 30, Def. 8). For each element k=(ℓ,i)k= (\ell , i) of K, put Ak=Aℓ′∩ViA_k= A'_{\ell}\cap V_i. Then AkA_k is open in E and one has ⋃k∈KAk=⋃i∈IVi=E\bigcup_{k\in K}A_k=\bigcup_{i\in I}V_i= E; moreover, for each k∈Kk\in K, there exists an index j∈Jj\in J such that Ak⊂WjA_k\subset W_j. Thus, the family (Ak)k∈K(A_k)_{k\in K} is an open covering of E finer than (Wj)j∈J(W_j)_{j\in J}. It remains to prove that the family (Ak)k∈K(A_k)_{k\in K} is locally finite. Let x∈Ex\in E; there exists an open neighbourhood U of xx which meets ViV_i only for ii belonging to a finite subset I′I' of I. For each i∈I′,xi\in I',x has an open neighbourhood Ui⊂UU_i\subset U which meets only a finite number of the open sets AkA_k, for k∈Ki×{i}:k\in K_i\times \{i\}: this is obvious if xx does not belong to Vi‾\overline{V_i}, and if xx belongs to Vi‾\overline{V_i}, this follows from the property of local finiteness of the covering (Aℓ′)ℓ∈Ki(A'_{\ell})_{\ell\in K_i} of Vi‾\overline{V_i}. It follows that V′=⋂i∈I′UiV'=\bigcap_{i\in I'}U_i is an open neighbourhood of xx which meets only a finite number of the Ak,k∈KA_k,k\in K, and the covering (Ak)k∈K(A_k)_{k\in K} is locally finite.

Let us prove the proposition. Let E be a covering of B, let pp denote its projection, and suppose that the space B is paracompact. Let (Ai)i∈I(A_i)_{i\in I} be an open locally finite covering of B such that, for each i∈Ii\in I, the covering E is trivializable over AiA_i. For each i∈Ii\in I, let FiF_i be a discrete topological space and let gi:p−1(Ai)→Ai×Fig_i:\overset{-1}{p}(A_i)\rightarrow A_i\times F_i be a trivialization of E over AiA_i. Let (Bi)i∈I(B_i)_{i\in I} be an open covering of B such that, for each i∈Ii\in I, one has Bi‾⊂Ai\overline{B_i}\subset A_i (TG, IX, p. 49, Prop. 4 and p. 48, Cor. 1). For each i∈Ii\in I, put Vi=p−1(Bi)V_i=\overset{-1}{p}(B_i); one has Vi‾⊂p−1(Bi)⊂p−1(Ai)\overline{V_i}\subset \overset{-1}{p}(B_i)\subset \overset{-1}{p}(A_i) and Vi=gi−1(Bi×Fi)V_i=\overset{-1}{g_{i}}(B_i\times F_i), whence Vi‾⊂gi−1(Bi×Fi)\overline{V_i}\subset \overset{-1}{g_{i}}(B_i\times F_i). Since B is paracompact, Bi‾\overline{B_i} is paracompact (TG, I, p. 69, Prop. 16) and Bi‾×Fi\overline{B_i}\times F_i is paracompact (TG, I, p. 70, Prop. 18). It follows that gi−1(Bi×Fi)\overset{-1}{g_{i}}(B_i\times F_i) is paracompact, hence so is Vi‾\overline{V_i} (TG, I, p. 69, Prop. 16). The family (Vi)i∈I(V_i)_{i\in I} is, by construction, an open locally finite covering of E. Finally, the space E is separated (I, p. 26, Remark 3). It therefore satisfies the hypotheses of the lemma, whence the proposition.

Bourbaki sets the proof directly after the statement, and the corpus does not separate them, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5.4, against glossary version 34. Not checked by a person.