Bourbaki

Lemma 1

Tag 020P, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 020P].

Topologie algébrique, chapter IV, § 1. Espaces délaçables

Let X be a topological space, let G be a discrete group operating properly in X, and let pp be the canonical projection of X onto X/GX/G.

Let xx be a point of X, let KxK_x be its stabilizer in G. Let U1U_1 be a neighbourhood of xx in X; there exists a neighbourhood U of xx in X, stable under KxK_x and contained in U1U_1 such that g⋅U∩U=∅g\cdot U\cap U =\emptyset if g∉Kxg\notin K_x and such that the canonical mapping pp induces a homeomorphism of U/KxU/K_x onto a neighbourhood V of p(x)p(x) in X/GX/G.

By prop. 8 of TG, III, p. 32, there exists a neighbourhood U2U_2 of xx in X, stable under KxK_x, such that g⋅U2∩U2=∅g\cdot U_2\cap U_2=\emptyset if g∉Kxg\notin K_x and such that the canonical mapping pp induces a homeomorphism of U2/KxU_2/K_x onto a neighbourhood of p(x)p(x) in X/GX/G.

Since the canonical mapping U2→U2/KxU_2\rightarrow U_2/K_x is closed (TG, III, p. 28, prop. 2), there exists an open neighbourhood U of xx contained in U1∩U2U_1\cap U_2 which is stable under Kx(K_x(I, p. 75, lemma). The equivalence relation in U2U_2 defined by KxK_x is also open (TG, III, p. 10, lemma 2). It then follows from TG, I, p. 32, prop. 4, that the canonical mapping induces a homeomorphism of U/KxU/K_x onto an open neighbourhood of p(x)p(x) in X/GX/G, whence the lemma.

Bourbaki sets the proof directly after the statement, and the corpus does not separate them, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5.4, against glossary version 34. Not checked by a person.