Bourbaki

Exercise 11, § 2

Tag 02ZU, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 02ZU].

Spectral Theories, IV, p. 321

Let uu be a continuous endomorphism of E.

a) For uu to be paranormal, it is necessary and sufficient that

(u∗)2∘u2−2t(u∗∘u)+t21E⩾0 (u^*)^2\circ u^2-2t(u^*\circ u) +t^21_E\geqslant 0

for every real number t>0t >0.

b) For uu to be paranormal, it is necessary and sufficient that

p∘q2∘p−2tp2+t1E⩾0 p\circ q^2\circ p-2tp^2+t1_E\geqslant 0

for every t>0t >0, where p=(u∘u∗)1/2p= (u\circ u^*)^{1/2} and q=(u∗∘u)1/2q= (u^*\circ u)^{1/2}.

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Machine translation of the English, by gpt-5.4. Not checked by a person.