Bourbaki

Proposition 11

Tag 08EK, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 08EK].

Functions of a Real Variable, chapter V, § 1. COMPARISON OF FUNCTIONS ON A FILTERED SET

Let gg be a function in H(F,R)\mathscr{H}(\mathfrak{F}, \mathbf{R}) such that lim⁡Fg=+∞\lim_{\mathfrak{F}} g = +\infty; the relation f≪gf \ll g implies ef≪ege^f \ll e^g; the relation f∼gf \sim g implies log⁡f∼log⁡g\log f \sim \log g.

Indeed, if f≪gf \ll g then f−g=g(fg−1)f - g = g \left( \frac{f}{g} - 1 \right) tends to −∞-\infty along F\mathfrak{F}. Similarly, if f∼gf \sim g one has log⁡f=log⁡g+log⁡fg\log f = \log g + \log \frac{f}{g}, so log⁡f−log⁡g\log f - \log g tends to 0, and the same for log⁡flog⁡g−1=log⁡f−log⁡glog⁡g\frac{\log f}{\log g} - 1 = \frac{\log f - \log g}{\log g}.

On the other hand, note that the relation f∼gf \sim g does not imply ef∼ege^f \sim e^g, nor even that ef≍ege^f \asymp e^g, as is shown by the example where f(x)=x2, g(x)=x3+xf(x) = x^2, \ g(x) = x^3 + x as xx tends to +∞+\infty; similarly, the relation f≪gf \ll g does not imply log⁡f≪log⁡g\log f \ll \log g, as is shown by the example f(x)=x, g(x)=x2f(x) = x, \ g(x) = x^2 as xx tends to +∞+\infty.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.