Bourbaki

Lemma 1

Tag 08J0, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 08J0].

Functions of a Real Variable, chapter VII, § 1. THE GAMMA FUNCTION IN THE REAL DOMAIN

Let ff and gg be two functions >0> 0 and twice differentiable on an open interval II. If ff and gg are logarithmically convex functions on II, then f+gf + g is logarithmically convex on II.

The relation D2(log⁡f(x))≥0D^2 (\log f(x)) \geq 0 can be written f(x)f′′(x)−(f′(x))2≥0f(x)f''(x) - (f'(x))^2 \geq 0. We are reduced to showing that the relations a>0,a′>0,ac−b2≥0,a′c′−b′2≥0a > 0, a' > 0, ac - b^2 \geq 0, a'c' - {b'}^2 \geq 0 imply (a+a′)(c+c′)−(b+b′)2≥0(a + a')(c + c') - (b + b')^2 \geq 0; now, when a>0a > 0, the relation ac−b2≥0ac - b^2 \geq 0 is equivalent to the fact that the quadratic form ax2+2bxy+cy2ax^2 + 2bxy + cy^2 is ≥0\geq 0 on R2\mathbf{R}^2, and it is clear that if

ax2+2bxy+cy2≥0anda′x2+2b′xy+c′y2≥0 ax^2 + 2bxy + cy^2 \geq 0 \quad \text{and} \quad a'x^2 + 2b'xy + c'y^2 \geq 0

on R2\mathbf{R}^2 then also (a+a′)x2+2(b+b′)xy+(c+c′)y2≥0(a + a')x^2 + 2(b + b')xy + (c + c')y^2 \geq 0 on R2\mathbf{R}^2.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.