Bourbaki

Proposition 10

Tag 0AUQ, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AUQ].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems

Let α,β\alpha, \beta be two non-proportional roots such that β+α\beta + \alpha is a root. Let p,qp, q be the integers in Prop. 9. Then

(β+α∣β+α)(β∣β)=q+1p. \frac{(\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha)}{(\beta|\beta)} = \frac{q + 1}{p}.

Let S be the α\alpha-chain defined by β,γ\beta, \gamma its origin; its length ll is ≥1\geq 1 since β+α\beta + \alpha is a root. The following cases are possible:

1) l=1l = 1; then β=γ,q=0,p=1,(β+α∣β+α)=(β∣β)\beta = \gamma, q = 0, p = 1, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = (\beta|\beta). 2) l=2,β=γl = 2, \beta = \gamma; then q=0,p=2,(β+α∣β+α)=12(β∣β)q = 0, p = 2, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = \frac{1}{2}(\beta|\beta). 3) l=2,β=γ+αl = 2, \beta = \gamma + \alpha; then q=1,p=1,(β+α∣β+α)=2(β∣β)q = 1, p = 1, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = 2(\beta|\beta).

4) l=3,β=γl = 3, \beta = \gamma; then q=0,p=3,(β+α∣β+α)=13(β∣β)q = 0, p = 3, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = \frac{1}{3}(\beta|\beta). 5) l=3,β=γ+αl = 3, \beta = \gamma + \alpha; then q=1,p=2,(β+α∣β+α)=(β∣β)q = 1, p = 2, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = (\beta|\beta). 6) l=3,β=γ+2αl = 3, \beta = \gamma + 2\alpha; then q=2,p=1,(β+α∣β+α)=3(β∣β)q = 2, p = 1, (\beta + \alpha|\beta + \alpha) = 3(\beta|\beta).

In each case, the formula to be proved is satisfied.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.