Bourbaki

Example

Tag 0CSU, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0CSU].

Commutative Algebra, chapter VIII, § 7. Multiplicités

Let AA be a ring of formal series k[[X1,...,Xn]]k[[X_1, ..., X_n]] over a field kk; let F1,...,FsF_1, ..., F_s be elements of A, a the ideal which they generate, and B=A/aB = A/a. Let P1,...,Ps∈k[X1,...,Xn]P_1, ..., P_s \in k[X_1, ..., X_n] be the initial forms of the series F1,...,FsF_1, ..., F_s and δ1,...,δs\delta_1, ..., \delta_s their respective degrees. If the sequence F1,...,FsF_1, ..., F_s is secant in A, one has e(B)≥δ1...δse(B) \geq \delta_1 ... \delta_s; if the sequence P1,...,PsP_1, ..., P_s is completely secant in the ring k[X1,...,Xn]k[X_1, ..., X_n], one has e(B)=δ1...δse(B) = \delta_1 ... \delta_s.

Consider for example the ring B=k[[X,Y]]/aB = k[[X, Y]]/a, where a is generated by X2+Y3X^2 + Y^3 and X2+Y4X^2 + Y^4; the preceding inequality gives e(B)≥4e(B) \geq 4; observing that a is generated by the elements X2+Y3X^2 + Y^3 and Y4−Y3Y^4 - Y^3, for which the sequence of initial forms is completely secant, one obtains e(B)=6e(B) = 6.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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