Bourbaki

Lemma 1

Tag 00QO, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 00QO].

Algebra, VIII, p. 463, Appendix 4. Trace of an Endomorphism of Finite Rank

Suppose that the A-module F is projective. The group homomorphism θ\theta is injective, and its image is HomAf(E,F)^f_A(E,F).

By loc. cit., Corollary, the homomorphism θ\theta is injective. Its image is contained in HomAf(E,F)^f_A(E,F). Let u∈u\in HomAf(E,F)^f_A(E,F); let us prove that uu belongs to the image of θ\theta.

First, suppose that the A-module F is free. Let (fi)i∈I(f_i)_{i\in I} be a basis of F, and let (fi∗)i∈I(f_i^*)_{i\in I} be the basis of F∗F^* dual to (fi)i∈I(f_i)_{i\in I}. Let J be a finite subset of I such that the image of uu is contained in the submodule of F generated by the fjf_j for j∈Jj\in J. We have

u(x)=∑j∈J⟨u(x),fj∗⟩fj=∑j∈J⟨x,tu(fj∗)⟩fj(1) u(x) =\sum_{j\in J}\langle u(x), f_j^*\rangle f_j=\sum_{j\in J}\langle x,^tu(f_j^*)\rangle f_j \tag{1}

for every x∈Ex\in E, and therefore

u=θ(∑j∈Jtu(fj∗)⊗fj)(2) u=\theta (\sum_{j\in J}^tu(f_j^*)\otimes f_j) \tag{2}

In the general case, there exist a free A-module L and homomorphisms i:F→Li: F\rightarrow L and p:L→Fp: L\rightarrow F such that p∘i=1Fp\circ i= 1_F. The homomorphism i∘ui\circ u belongs to HomAf(E,L)^f_A(E,L). By the above, there exist a finite set J and, for every j∈Jj\in J, elements xj∗x^*_j of E∗E^* and yjy_j of L such that we have

i(u(x))=∑j∈J⟨x,xj∗⟩yj i(u(x)) =\sum_{j\in J}\langle x, x^*_j\rangle y_j

for every x∈Ex\in E. We then have

u(x)=p(i(u(x)))=∑j∈J⟨x,xj∗⟩p(yj) u(x) =p(i(u(x))) =\sum_{j\in J}\langle x, x^*_j\rangle p(y_j)

for every x∈Ex\in E, and therefore u=θ(∑j∈Jxj∗⊗p(yj))u=\theta (\sum_{j\in J}x^*_j\otimes p(y_j)).

Bourbaki sets the proof directly after the statement, and the corpus does not separate them, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

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Transcribed from the printed edition, 2023, Springer Nature. Not translated.