Proposition 6
Tag 0562, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0562].
Algebra, chapter I, § 1. Laws of composition; associativity; commutativity
Let E and F be two magmas and f a homomorphism of E into F. Let R[x, y] denote the relation f(x) = f(y) between elements x, y of E. Then R is an equivalence relation on E compatible with the law on E and the mapping of E/R onto f(E) derived from f by passing to the quotient is an isomorphism of the quotient magma E/R onto the submagma f(E) of F.
Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.
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Cites
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