Bourbaki

Corollary 3

Tag 0637, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0637].

Algebra, chapter III, § 7. Exterior algebras

Let f:Mn−1→Af : M^{n-1} \to A be an alternating (n−1)(n-1)*-linear form*. If (xi)1≤i≤n(x_i)_{1 \leq i \leq n} is a sequence of n elements of M such that x1∧x2∧⋯∧xn=0x_1 \wedge x_2 \wedge \cdots \wedge x_n = 0, then

∑i=1n(−1)if(x1,…,x^i,…,xn)⋅xi=0 \sum_{i=1}^n (-1)^i f(x_1, \ldots, \hat{x}_i, \ldots, x_n) \cdot x_i = 0
(where we write f(x1,…,x^i,…,xn)=f(x1,…,xi−1,xi+1,…,xn)f(x_1, \ldots, \hat{x}_i, \ldots, x_n) = f(x_1, \ldots, x_{i-1}, x_{i+1}, \ldots, x_n) for 1≤i≤n1 \leq i \leq n.

It suffices to prove that the nn-linear mapping

(x1,…,xn)↦∑i=1n(−1)if(x1,…,x^i,…,xn)⋅xi (x_1, \ldots, x_n) \mapsto \sum_{i=1}^n (-1)^i f(x_1, \ldots, \hat{x}_i, \ldots, x_n) \cdot x_i
of MnM^n to MM is alternating. Now, if xi=xi+1x_i = x_{i+1}, all the terms in the sum on the right hand side have zero coefficients except xix_i and xi+1x_{i+1}, since ff is alternating; on the other hand, the coefficient of xix_i is
(−1)if(x1,…,xi−1,xi+1,xi+2,…,xn) (-1)^i f(x_1, \ldots, x_{i-1}, x_{i+1}, x_{i+2}, \ldots, x_n)

and that of xi+1x_{i+1} is (−1)i+1f(x1,…,xi,xi+2,…,xn)(-1)^{i+1} f(x_1, \ldots, x_i, x_{i+2}, \ldots, x_n) and they are inverses by hypothesis.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

Cited by

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Cites

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Transcribed from the printed edition, 1998, Springer. Not translated.