Bourbaki

Example

Tag 0665, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0665].

Algebra, chapter III, § 9. Norms and traces

(1) If A is a quadratic algebra of type (α,β)(\alpha, \beta) over K, then (in the notation of § 2, no. 3) Tr⁡(e1)=2,Tr⁡(e2)=β\operatorname{Tr}(e_1) = 2, \operatorname{Tr}(e_2) = \beta,

Tr⁡(e22)=αTr⁡(e1)+βTr⁡(e2)=2α+β2, \operatorname{Tr}(e_2^2) = \alpha \operatorname{Tr}(e_1) + \beta \operatorname{Tr}(e_2) = 2\alpha + \beta^2,

whence DA/K(e1,e2)=β2+4αD_{A/K}(e_1, e_2) = \beta^2 + 4\alpha.

(2) Let A=K[X]/K[X]PA = K[X]/K[X]P, where P(X)=X3+pX+qP(X) = X^3 + pX + q, so that if x is the image of X in A, 1, x, x2x^2 form a basis of A over K and x3=−px−qx^3 = -px - q. It is seen immediately that Tr⁡(1)=3,Tr⁡(x)=0,Tr⁡(x2)=−2p\operatorname{Tr}(1) = 3, \operatorname{Tr}(x) = 0, \operatorname{Tr}(x^2) = -2p, taking account of the relation x3=−px−q,Tr⁡(x3)=−3qx^3 = -px - q, \operatorname{Tr}(x^3) = -3q and Tr⁡(x4)=2p2\operatorname{Tr}(x^4) = 2p^2, whence easily DA/K(1,x,x2)=−4p3−27q2D_{A/K}(1, x, x^2) = -4p^3 - 27q^2.

(3) Let A be a quaternion algebra of type (α,β,γ)(\alpha, \beta, \gamma) over K and (1,i,j,k)(1, i, j, k) a basis of A of type (α,β,γ)(\alpha, \beta, \gamma); taking account of § 3, no. 5, formula (30), it is easily found that Tr⁡(1)=4,Tr⁡(i)=2β,Tr⁡(j)=Tr⁡(k)=0\operatorname{Tr}(1) = 4, \operatorname{Tr}(i) = 2\beta, \operatorname{Tr}(j) = \operatorname{Tr}(k) = 0, then

DA/K(1,i,j,k)=−16γ2(β2+4α)2. D_{A/K}(1, i, j, k) = -16\gamma^2(\beta^2 + 4\alpha)^2.

(4) Let A=Mn(K)A = M_n(K) and consider the canonical basis (Eij)1≤i≤n,1≤j≤n(E_{ij})_{1 \leq i \leq n, 1 \leq j \leq n} of A over K (II, § 10, no. 3). It is immediate that Tr⁡A/K(Eij)=0\operatorname{Tr}_{A/K}(E_{ij}) = 0 if j≠ij \neq i and Tr⁡A/K(Eii)=n\operatorname{Tr}_{A/K}(E_{ii}) = n for all i; it follows without difficulty that the matrix (Tr⁡(EijEhk))(\operatorname{Tr}(E_{ij}E_{hk})) of order n2n^2 is of the form n.Pn.P, where P is a permutation matrix, whence DA/K((Eij))=±nn2D_{A/K}((E_{ij})) = \pm n^{n^2}.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

Cited by

Nothing.

Cites

Transcribed from the printed edition, 1998, Springer. Not translated.