Bourbaki

Proposition 2

Tag 080Z, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 080Z].

Topological Vector Spaces, chapter V, § 4. Some classes of operators in hilbertian spaces

For every u∈L(E;F)u \in \mathscr{L}(E ; F), we have

(11)

∥u∗u∥=∥uu∗∥=∥u∥2=∥u∗∥2. \|u^*u\| = \|uu^*\| = \|u\|^2 = \|u^*\|^2 .

By prop. 1, ∥u∗∥=∥u∥\|u^*\| = \|u\|, hence ∥u∗u∥≤∥u∗∥⋅∥u∥≤∥u∥2\|u^*u\| \leq \|u^*\|\cdot\|u\| \leq \|u\|^2. On the other hand,

∥u∥2=sup⁡∥x∥≤1∥u(x)∥2=sup⁡∥x∥≤1⟨u(x)∣u(x)⟩=sup⁡∥x∥≤1⟨x∣u∗u(x)⟩≤∥u∗u∥, \|u\|^2 = \sup_{\|x\| \leq 1} \|u(x)\|^2 = \sup_{\|x\| \leq 1} \langle u(x)|u(x)\rangle = \sup_{\|x\| \leq 1} \langle x|u^*u(x)\rangle \leq \|u^*u\| ,

hence ∥u∗u∥=∥u∥2\|u^*u\| = \|u\|^2. Replacing uu by u∗u^*, we get ∥uu∗∥=∥u∗∥2\|uu^*\| = \|u^*\|^2, hence (11) follows since ∥u∥=∥u∗∥\|u\| = \|u^*\|.

Let E1,...,EnE_1, ..., E_n and F1,...,FnF_1, ..., F_n be hilbertian spaces, and for every integer ii between 1 and nn, let uiu_i be a continuous linear mapping from EiE_i into FiF_i. Then

(12)

(u1⊗^2...⊗^2un)∗=u1∗⊗^2...⊗^2un∗. (u_1 \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 u_n)^* = u_1^* \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 u_n^* .

Let vv be the continuous linear mapping u1⊗^2...⊗^2unu_1 \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 u_n from

E=E1⊗^2...⊗^2EnintoF=F1⊗^2...⊗^2Fn E = E_1 \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 E_n \quad \text{into} \quad F = F_1 \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 F_n

and ww the continuous linear mapping u1∗⊗^2...⊗^2un∗u_1^* \hat{\otimes}_2 ... \hat{\otimes}_2 u_n^* from FF into EE. It is enough to prove the equality ⟨y∣v(x)⟩=⟨w(y)∣x⟩\langle y|v(x)\rangle = \langle w(y)|x\rangle for x∈Ex \in E and y∈Fy \in F. By linearity and continuity, we reduce to the case when xx and yy have the following form

x=x1⊗...⊗xn,y=y1⊗...⊗yn x = x_1 \otimes ... \otimes x_n , \quad y = y_1 \otimes ... \otimes y_n

with xi∈Eix_i \in E_i and yi∈Fiy_i \in F_i for 1≤i≤n1 \leq i \leq n. From the definition of scalar product in a tensor product (V, p. 27, formula (6)), we then get

⟨y∣v(x)⟩=∏i=1n⟨yi∣ui(xi)⟩=∏i=1n⟨ui∗(yi)∣xi⟩=⟨w(y)∣x⟩. \langle y|v(x)\rangle = \prod_{i=1}^n \langle y_i|u_i(x_i)\rangle = \prod_{i=1}^n \langle u_i^*(y_i)|x_i\rangle = \langle w(y)|x\rangle .

This proves our assertion.

Let EE and FF be two hilbertian spaces, u∈L(E;F)u \in \mathscr{L}(E ; F) and nn a positive integer. If we put u1=...=un=uu_1 = ... = u_n = u in formula (12) we obtain the result that the continuous linear mapping T^n(u∗)\hat{T}^n(u^*) from T^n(F)\hat{T}^n(F) into T^n(E)\hat{T}^n(E) is the adjoint of the continuous linear mapping T^n(u)\hat{T}^n(u) from T^n(E)\hat{T}^n(E) into T^n(F)\hat{T}^n(F). The formulas

S^n(u)∗=S^n(u∗),Λ^n(u)∗=Λ^n(u∗) \hat{S}^n(u)^* = \hat{S}^n(u^*) , \quad \hat{\Lambda}^n(u)^* = \hat{\Lambda}^n(u^*)

can be established in the same way as formula (12), on account of the definition of the scalar product in S^n(E)\hat{S}^n(E) (V, p. 30, formula (15)) and in Λ^n(E)\hat{\Lambda}^n(E) (V, p. 33, formula (26)).

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

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