Bourbaki

Lemma 6

Tag 0AQH, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AQH].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter V, § 3. Groups of displacements generated by reflections

Let (e1,…,en)(e_1, \ldots, e_n) be a basis of TT such that (ei∣ej)≤0(e_i|e_j) \leq 0 for i≠ji \neq j.

(i) If x=∑iciei∈Tx = \sum_i c_i e_i \in T is such that (x∣ei)≥0(x|e_i) \geq 0 for all ii, then ci≥0c_i \geq 0 for all ii.

(ii) If xx and yy are two elements of TT such that (x∣ei)≥0(x|e_i) \geq 0 and (y∣ei)≥0(y|e_i) \geq 0 for all ii, then (x∣y)≥0(x|y) \geq 0. If (x∣ei)>0(x|e_i) > 0 and (y∣ei)>0(y|e_i) > 0 for all ii, then (x∣y)>0(x|y) > 0.

Under the hypotheses of (i), assume that ci<0c_i < 0 for some ii. Let ff be the linear form on TT defined by f(ei)=1f(e_i) = 1 and

f(ej)=−ci/(∑k=1n∣ck∣)for j≠i. f(e_j) = -c_i / \left( \sum_{k=1}^n |c_k| \right) \quad \text{for } j \neq i.
The vectors −x,e1,…,en-x, e_1, \ldots, e_n then satisfy the hypotheses of Lemma 3 (ii) (taking for qq the metric form on TT). We conclude that they are linearly independent, which is absurd. Hence (i). Moreover, if x=∑iciei∈Tx = \sum_i c_i e_i \in T and if y∈Ty \in T, then (x∣y)=∑ici(ei∣y)(x|y) = \sum_i c_i (e_i|y), so (ii) follows immediately from (i).

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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