Bourbaki

Corollary 2

Tag 0AVD, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AVD].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems

Assume that R is reduced. Let w∈Ww \in W, let q be the length of ww with respect to S (Chap. IV, § 1, no. 1), and let w=s1…sqw = s_1 \ldots s_q be a reduced decomposition of ww. Let α1,…,αq\alpha_1, \ldots, \alpha_q be the elements of B(C)B(C) corresponding to s1,…,sqs_1, \ldots, s_q. Put

θi=sqsq−1…si+1(αi),i=1,…,q. \theta_i = s_q s_{q-1} \ldots s_{i+1}(\alpha_i), \quad i = 1, \ldots, q.

The roots θi\theta_i are >0> 0, pairwise distinct, w(θi)<0w(\theta_i) < 0, and every root α>0\alpha > 0 such that w(α)<0w(\alpha) < 0 is equal to one of the θi\theta_i.

Let X be the set of α>0\alpha > 0 such that w(α)<0w(\alpha) < 0. By (ii),

Card⁡(X)=Card⁡(Tw−1)=l(w−1)=l(w)=q. \operatorname{Card}(X) = \operatorname{Card}(T_{w^{-1}}) = l(w^{-1}) = l(w) = q.

On the other hand, if α∈X\alpha \in X it is clear that there exists i∈{1,q}i \in \{1, q\} such that

si+1…sq(α)>0andsisi+1…sq(α)<0. s_{i+1} \ldots s_q(\alpha) > 0 \quad \text{and} \quad s_i s_{i+1} \ldots s_q(\alpha) < 0.

By Cor. 1, this implies that si+1…sq(α)=αis_{i+1} \ldots s_q(\alpha) = \alpha_i and hence that α=θi\alpha = \theta_i. The set X is thus contained in the set of θi\theta_i. Since Card⁡(X)=q\operatorname{Card}(X) = q, this is possible only if X is equal to the set of θi\theta_i and these are pairwise distinct. Hence the corollary.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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