Bourbaki

Proposition 21

Tag 0AVU, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AVU].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter VI, § 1. Root systems

*Let C (resp. C′C') be a chamber of R, Σ\Sigma (resp. Σ′\Sigma') a subset of B(C)B(C) (resp. B(C′)B(C')), Q (resp. Q′Q') the set of linear combinations of elements of Σ\Sigma (resp. Σ′\Sigma') with negative integer coefficients, and P=Q∪R+(C)P = Q \cup R_+(C) (resp. P′=Q′∪R+(C′)P' = Q' \cup R_+(C')). If there exists an element of the Weyl group transforming P to P′P', then there exists an element of the Weyl group transforming C to C′C' and Σ\Sigma to Σ′\Sigma'.

We reduce immediately to the case P=P′P = P'. Let V1V_1 be the vector subspace of V generated by P∩(−P)P \cap (-P). Then Σ\Sigma and Σ′\Sigma' are bases of the root system R1=P∩(−P)R_1 = P \cap (-P) in V1V_1 (Cor. 6 of Prop. 20). Hence there exists g1∈W(R1)g_1 \in W(R_1) such that g1(Σ)=Σ′g_1(\Sigma) = \Sigma'. It is clear that g1g_1 is induced by an element gg of W(R)W(R) that is a product of the symmetries sσs_\sigma with σ∈Σ\sigma \in \Sigma. Let γ=∑β∈B(C)cββ\gamma = \sum_{\beta \in B(C)} c_\beta \beta be an element of P−R1P - R_1. Then cβ>0c_\beta > 0 for at least one β∈B(C)−Σ\beta \in B(C) - \Sigma. Moreover, if σ∈Σ\sigma \in \Sigma, then sσ(γ)−γ∈V1s_\sigma(\gamma) - \gamma \in V_1, so sσ(γ)s_\sigma(\gamma) has at least one coordinate >0> 0 with respect to B(C)B(C) (no. 1, formula (5)), hence sσ(γ)∈R+(C)s_\sigma(\gamma) \in R_+(C) and finally sσ(γ)∈P−R1s_\sigma(\gamma) \in P - R_1. It follows that P−R1P - R_1 is stable under the sσ,σ∈Σs_\sigma, \sigma \in \Sigma, and hence under gg, so g(P)=Pg(P) = P. We are thus reduced to proving the proposition when P=P′P = P' and Σ=Σ′\Sigma = \Sigma'. In this case, Q=Q′Q = Q', so R+(C)=P−Q=P−Q′=R+(C′)R_+(C) = P - Q = P - Q' = R_+(C'), and hence C=C′C = C' (Cor. 1 of Prop. 20).

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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