Bourbaki

Corollary

Tag 066Z, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 066Z].

Algebra, chapter III, § 10. Derivations

Let MM be a graded KK-module of type Δ\Delta; the KK-algebras T(M)T(M), S(M)S(M) and ⋀(M)\bigwedge(M) are given the corresponding graduations of type Δ′=Δ×Z\Delta' = \Delta \times \mathbf{Z} (§5§ 5, no. 5, Proposition 7, §6§ 6, no. 6, Proposition 10 and §7§ 7, no. 7, Proposition 11). On the other hand MM is given the graduation of type Δ′\Delta' such that Mα,1=MαM_{\alpha, 1} = M_{\alpha} for all α∈Δ\alpha \in \Delta and Mα,n={0}M_{\alpha, n} = \{0\} for α∈Δ\alpha \in \Delta and n≠1n \neq 1. Let ε′\varepsilon' be a commutation factor over Δ′\Delta'.

(i) Let E be a graded (left and right) T(M)\mathbf{T}(M)-bimodule of type Δ′\Delta'; for all δ∈Δ\delta \in \Delta and every integer n∈Zn \in \mathbf{Z}, every graded K-linear mapping f:M→Ef : M \to E of degree δ1′=(δ,n)\delta_1' = (\delta, n) can be extended uniquely to an ε′\varepsilon'-derivation d:T(M)→Ed : \mathbf{T}(M) \to E of degree δ′\delta'.

(ii) Let E be a graded S(M)S(M)-module of type Δ′\Delta'; for a graded K-linear mapping f:M→Ef : M \to E of degree δ′\delta' to be extendable to an ε′\varepsilon'-derivation d:S(M)→Ed : S(M) \to E of degree δ′\delta', it is necessary and sufficient that, for every ordered pair (x,y)(x, y) of homogeneous elements of M,

x.f(y)+εδ′,(deg⁡(y),1)y.f(x)=y.f(x)+εδ′,(deg⁡(x),1)x.f(y). x . f(y) + \varepsilon_{\delta', (\deg(y), 1)} y . f(x) = y . f(x) + \varepsilon_{\delta', (\deg(x), 1)} x . f(y).

The ε′\varepsilon'-derivation d is then unique.

(iii) Let E be a graded (left and right) Λ(M)\Lambda(M)-bimodule of type Δ′\Delta'; for a graded K-linear mapping f:M→Ef : M \to E of degree δ′\delta' to be extendable to an ε′\varepsilon'-derivation

d:Λ(M)→E d : \Lambda(M) \to E

of degree δ′\delta', it is necessary and sufficient that, for every homogeneous element x of M,

x.f(x)+εδ′,(deg⁡(x),1)f(x).x=0. x . f(x) + \varepsilon_{\delta', (\deg(x), 1)} f(x) . x = 0.

The ε′\varepsilon'-derivation d is then unique.

Remark 2 of no. 2 is applied with one of the external B-module laws on E (with B equal to T(M)\mathbf{T}(M), S(M)S(M) or Λ(M)\Lambda(M)) modified; the external law thus modified is still, by (1) (no. 1), a B-module law and the B-module law thus obtained on E is still compatible with the other B-module structure. It then suffices to apply Proposition 14 with A=KA = K and d0=0d_0 = 0.

Example (1). In the application of Proposition 14 note that if d0=0d_0 = 0 condition (29) means simply that d1d_1 is A-linear. If we take in particular E=BE = B and the (B, B)-bimodule structure derived from the ring structure on B, conditions (30) and (31) are automatically satisfied when d1d_1 is taken to be the composition of an endomorphism s of M and the canonical injection M→BM \to B; this is obvious for (30) since S(M)S(M) is commutative and for (31) this follows from the fact that x and s(x)s(x) are of degree 1 in Λ(M)\Lambda(M). It is therefore seen that every endomorphism s of M can be extended uniquely to a derivation DsD_s of T(M)\mathbf{T}(M) (resp. S(M)S(M), resp. Λ(M)\Lambda(M)), which is of degree 0. Moreover, for two endomorphisms s, t of M,

[Ds,Dt]=D[s,t] [D_s, D_t] = D_{[s, t]}

for both sides are derivations of T(M)\mathbf{T}(M) (resp. S(M)S(M), resp. Λ(M)\Lambda(M)) which are equal to [s,t][s, t] on M.

The expression for DsD_s is obtained using formula (21) of no. 5, which gives respectively, for x1,x2,…,xnx_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n in MM,

{Ds(x1⊗x2⊗⋯⊗xn)Ds(x1⊗x2⊗⋯⊗xn)=∑i=1nx1⊗⋯⊗xi−1⊗s(xi)⊗xi+1⊗⋯⊗xnDs(x1x2…xn)=∑i=1nx1…xi−1s(xi)xi+1…xnDs(x1∧x2∧⋯∧xn)Ds(x1∧x2∧⋯∧xn)=∑i=1nx1∧⋯∧xi−1∧s(xi)∧xi+1∧⋯∧xn. \begin{cases} D_s(x_1 \otimes x_2 \otimes \cdots \otimes x_n) \\ \phantom{D_s(x_1 \otimes x_2 \otimes \cdots \otimes x_n)} = \sum_{i=1}^n x_1 \otimes \cdots \otimes x_{i-1} \otimes s(x_i) \otimes x_{i+1} \otimes \cdots \otimes x_n \\ D_s(x_1 x_2 \ldots x_n) = \sum_{i=1}^n x_1 \ldots x_{i-1} s(x_i) x_{i+1} \ldots x_n \\ D_s(x_1 \wedge x_2 \wedge \cdots \wedge x_n) \\ \phantom{D_s(x_1 \wedge x_2 \wedge \cdots \wedge x_n)} = \sum_{i=1}^n x_1 \wedge \cdots \wedge x_{i-1} \wedge s(x_i) \wedge x_{i+1} \wedge \cdots \wedge x_n. \end{cases}

In the case of the algebra Λ(M)\Lambda(M), there is the following interpretation of DsD_s:

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Cites

Transcribed from the printed edition, 1998, Springer. Not translated.