Bourbaki

Proposition 3

Tag 08OI, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 08OI].

Integration, chapter III, § 4. Products of measures

Let λ∈M(X;C), μ∈M(Y;C)\lambda \in \mathscr{M}(X; \mathbf{C}),\ \mu \in \mathscr{M}(Y; \mathbf{C}). Then

∣λ⊗μ∣=∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣. |\lambda \otimes \mu| = |\lambda| \otimes |\mu|.

Let f∈K+(X×Y), g∈K(X×Y;C)f \in \mathscr{K}_+(X \times Y),\ g \in \mathscr{K}(X \times Y; \mathbf{C}) be such that ∣g∣≤f|g| \leq f; we have (§ 1, No. 6, formula (13))

∣⟨g,λ⊗μ⟩∣=∣∫dλ(x)∫g(x,y)dμ(y)∣≤∫d∣λ∣(x)∫∣g(x,y)∣ d∣μ∣(y)=⟨∣g∣,∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣⟩≤⟨f,∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣⟩. \begin{align*} |\langle g, \lambda \otimes \mu \rangle| &= \left| \int d\lambda(x) \int g(x, y) d\mu(y) \right| \\ &\leq \int d|\lambda|(x) \int |g(x, y)|\ d|\mu|(y) \\ &= \langle |g|, |\lambda| \otimes |\mu| \rangle \leq \langle f, |\lambda| \otimes |\mu| \rangle. \end{align*}

It follows that ⟨f,∣λ⊗μ∣⟩≤⟨f,∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣⟩\langle f, |\lambda \otimes \mu| \rangle \leq \langle f, |\lambda| \otimes |\mu| \rangle, and so

∣λ⊗μ∣≤∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣. |\lambda \otimes \mu| \leq |\lambda| \otimes |\mu|.

On the other hand, let u∈K+(X), v∈K+(Y)u \in \mathscr{K}_+(X),\ v \in \mathscr{K}_+(Y). For every ε>0\varepsilon > 0, there exist u1∈K(X;C), v1∈K(Y;C)u_1 \in \mathscr{K}(X; \mathbf{C}),\ v_1 \in \mathscr{K}(Y; \mathbf{C}) such that ∣u1∣≤u, ∣v1∣≤v|u_1| \leq u,\ |v_1| \leq v and

∣⟨u1,λ⟩∣≥⟨u,∣λ∣⟩−ε,∣⟨v1,μ⟩∣≥⟨v,∣μ∣⟩−ε |\langle u_1, \lambda \rangle| \geq \langle u, |\lambda| \rangle - \varepsilon,\quad |\langle v_1, \mu \rangle| \geq \langle v, |\mu| \rangle - \varepsilon
(§ 1, No. 6). It follows that ∣u1⊗v1∣≤u⊗v|u_1 \otimes v_1| \leq u \otimes v and

⟨u⊗v,∣λ⊗μ∣⟩≥∣⟨u1⊗v1,λ⊗μ⟩∣=∣⟨u1,λ⟩⟨v1,μ⟩∣≥((⟨u,∣λ∣⟩−ε)(⟨v,∣μ∣⟩−ε)). \begin{align*} \langle u \otimes v, |\lambda \otimes \mu| \rangle &\geq |\langle u_1 \otimes v_1, \lambda \otimes \mu \rangle| = |\langle u_1, \lambda \rangle \langle v_1, \mu \rangle| \\ &\geq ((\langle u, |\lambda| \rangle - \varepsilon)(\langle v, |\mu| \rangle - \varepsilon)). \end{align*}

Since ε\varepsilon is arbitrary, we infer that

⟨u⊗v,∣λ⊗μ∣⟩≥⟨u,∣λ∣⟩⟨v,∣μ∣⟩=⟨u⊗v,∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣⟩. \langle u \otimes v, |\lambda \otimes \mu| \rangle \geq \langle u, |\lambda| \rangle \langle v, |\mu| \rangle = \langle u \otimes v, |\lambda| \otimes |\mu| \rangle.

Taking (8) into account, we see that

⟨u⊗v,∣λ⊗μ∣⟩=⟨u⊗v,∣λ∣⊗∣μ∣⟩. \langle u \otimes v, |\lambda \otimes \mu| \rangle = \langle u \otimes v, |\lambda| \otimes |\mu| \rangle.

Since every function in K(X;C)\mathscr{K}(X; \mathbf{C}) (resp. K(Y;C)\mathscr{K}(Y; \mathbf{C})) is a linear combination of functions in K+(X)\mathscr{K}_+(X) (resp. K+(Y)\mathscr{K}_+(Y)), the preceding formula remains true for u∈K(X;C)u \in \mathscr{K}(X; \mathbf{C}) and v∈K(Y;C)v \in \mathscr{K}(Y; \mathbf{C}); the proposition therefore follows from the fact that K(X;C)⊗CK(Y;C)\mathscr{K}(X; \mathbf{C}) \otimes_{\mathbf{C}} \mathscr{K}(Y; \mathbf{C}) is dense in K(X×Y;C)\mathscr{K}(X \times Y; \mathbf{C}).

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.