Bourbaki

Theorem 1

Tag 01HL, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 01HL].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter IX, § 9. Compact Lie groups operating on manifolds

Let G be a compact Lie group, (g,x)→gx(g, x) \rightarrow gx a law of left operation of class CrC^r of G on X, and A a compact subset of X. There exists an analytic linear representation ρ\rho of G on a finite dimensional vector space E, a morphism φ:X→E\varphi : X\rightarrow E of class CrC^r, compatible with the operations of G, and an open neighbourhood U of A, stable under G, such that the restriction of φ\varphi to U is an embedding.

Replacing A by the compact set GA, we are reduced to the case in which A is stable under G.

Let E0E_0 be a finite dimensional vector space such that there exists an element of Cr(X;E0)\mathscr{C}^r(X;E_0) that is an embedding in the neighbourhood of A (no. 1, Prop. 4); the set P\mathscr{P} of morphisms having this property is a non-empty open subset of Cr(X;E0)\mathscr{C}^r(X;E_0) (no. 1, Prop. 3). Consider the continuous linear representation of the compact group G on the space Cr(X;E0)(\mathscr{C}^r(X;E_0) (§6, no. 4, Lemma 4). By the Peter-Weyl theorem (Spectral Theory, in preparation), the union of the finite dimensional subspaces stable under G is dense in Cr(X;E0)\mathscr{C}^r(X;E_0); hence, there exists an element φ0\varphi_0 of P\mathscr{P} such that the maps x→φ0(gx)x \rightarrow \varphi_0(gx), for g∈Gg\in G, generate a finite dimensional vector subspace E1E_1 of Cr(X;E0)\mathscr{C}^r(X;E_0), which is clearly stable under the operation of G.

Take E to be the space HomR(E1,E0),ρ_{\mathbf{R}}(E_1,E_0),\rho to be the representation of G on E induced by the action on E1E_1, and φ:X→E\varphi : X\rightarrow E to be the map that associates to x∈Xx\in X the linear map ψ→ψ(x)\psi \rightarrow \psi (x) from E1E_1 to E0E_0. This is a morphism of class CrC^r; for x∈X,g∈G,ψ∈E1x\in X,g\in G,\psi \in E_1, we have (denoting by τ(g)\tau (g) the automorphism x→gxx \rightarrow gx of X):

φ(gx)(ψ)−ψ(gx)=φ(x)(ψ∘τ(g))=(ρ(g)φ(x))(ψ) \varphi (gx)(\psi )-\psi (gx) =\varphi (x)(\psi \circ \tau (g)) = (\rho (g)\varphi (x))(\psi )

Let α:\alpha : HomR(E1,E0)→E0_{\mathbf{R}}(E_1,E_0)\rightarrow E_0 be the linear map u→u(φ0)u \rightarrow u(\varphi_0); we have α∘φ=φ0\alpha \circ \varphi =\varphi_0, so φ\varphi is an embedding in the neighbourhood of A because φ0\varphi_0 is one. Hence, there exists an open neighbourhood U of A such that the restriction of φ\varphi to U is an embedding; we can choose U stable under G by Lemma 3, hence the theorem.

Bourbaki sets the proof directly after the statement, and the corpus does not separate them, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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