Bourbaki

Theorem 1

Tag 0AQ4, permanent. Cite it as [Bourbaki, Tag 0AQ4].

Lie Groups and Lie Algebras, chapter V, § 3. Groups of displacements generated by reflections

Let CC be a chamber and let SS be the set of reflections with respect to the walls of CC.

(i) The pair (W,S)(W, S) is a Coxeter system.

(ii) Let w∈Ww \in W and let HH be a wall of CC. The relation l(sHw)>l(w)l(s_H w) > l(w) implies that the chambers CC and w(C)w(C) are on the same side of HH.

(iii) For any chamber C′C', there exists a unique element w∈Ww \in W such that w(C)=C′w(C) = C'.

(iv) The set of hyperplanes HH such that sH∈Ws_H \in W is equal to H\mathfrak{H}.

Every element of SS is of order 2 and Lemma 2 shows that SS generates WW. For any wall HH of CC, denote by PHP_H the set of elements w∈Ww \in W such that the chambers CC and w(C)w(C) (which do not meet HH) are on the same side of HH. We shall verify conditions (A'), (B') and (C) of Chap. IV, § 1, no. 7.

(A') 1∈PH1 \in P_H: Trivial.

(B') PHP_H and sH.PHs_H.P_H are disjoint: Indeed, w(C)w(C) and sHw(C)s_H w(C) are on opposite sides of HH, so if w(C)w(C) is on the same side of HH as CC, it is not on the same side as sHw(C)s_H w(C).

(C) Let w∈PHw \in P_H and let H′H' be a wall of CC such that wsH′∉PHw s_{H'} \notin P_H; then wsH′=sHww s_{H'} = s_H w: By assumption, w(C)w(C) is on the same side of HH as CC and wsH′(C)w s_{H'}(C) is on the other side. Thus, wsH′(C)w s_{H'}(C) and w(C)w(C) are on opposite sides of H; hence, the chambers sH′(C)s_{H'}(C) and C are on opposite sides of the hyperplane w−1(H)w^{-1}(H). Let aa be a point of the face of C with support H′H'. The point a=sH′(a)a = s_{H'}(a) is in the closure of the two chambers C and sH′(C)s_{H'}(C) that are contained respectively in the two open half-spaces bounded by w−1(H)w^{-1}(H); thus, a∈w−1(H)a \in w^{-1}(H), so H′=w−1(H)H' = w^{-1}(H). From this we deduce that sH′=w−1sHws_{H'} = w^{-1}s_Hw, hence wsH′=sHwws_{H'} = s_Hw.

Assertions (i) and (ii) follow from this and Prop. 6 of Chap. IV, § 1, no. 7. Moreover, we have (loc. cit., condition (A))

⋂H∈MPH={1}. \bigcap_{H \in \mathfrak{M}} P_H = \{1\}.

Lemma 2 shows that W acts transitively on the set of chambers. Moreover, if w∈Ww \in W is such that w(C)=Cw(C) = C, then w∈PHw \in P_H for every wall H of C, hence w=1w = 1 by (3). This proves (iii).

Finally, let H be a hyperplane such that sH∈Ws_H \in W. If H did not belong to H\mathfrak{H}, there would be at least one chamber C′C' meeting H (§ 1, no. 3, Prop. 7). Every point of H∩C′H \cap C' is invariant under sHs_H, and thus belongs to the chambers C′C' and sH(C′)s_H(C'); thus, C′=sH(C′)C' = s_H(C'), which contradicts (iii) since sH≠1s_H \neq 1.

Bourbaki puts the proof directly after the statement, so what is above is the statement and its proof together.

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Transcribed from the printed volume. Not translated.